Archives Object Spotlight - Railway Models

Model railways have a long and varied history, and since the earliest 1900s have become deeply associated with Christmas. These are just a few examples of our lovely collection of models.

Since the 1829 Rainhill Trials small, push-along, replica locomotives have been produced but it wasn’t until the 1850s that the first powered model railways were created. ‘Carpet railways’ or ‘Birmingham Dribblers’ were models which featured a miniature steam train but no track. Their tank could be filled up, burner lit, and they would drive across the floor. By the early 1900s model trains had evolved significantly, becoming more intricate and popular. Tinplate railways, often made by companies such as Märklin and Hornby, introduced the concept of pre-made tracks and electric motors, paving the way for the modern model railway systems we know today. These early models were often vibrant and toy-like.

By the mid-20th century, the focus shifted toward realism, with manufacturers producing highly detailed models that accurately reflected real-world locomotives, rolling stock, and scenery. Companies such as Lionel, Fleischmann, and Peco played a crucial role in elevating the craft, introducing finer scales and more reliable electric systems. This transformation allowed model railways to appeal not just to children but also to adults, who began building elaborate layouts complete with towns, bridges, and working signals.

The connection between model railways and Christmas became a cherished tradition during this time. The iconic image of a train set circling the base of a Christmas tree emerged, symbolising the magic of the season. Although this isn’t as common today as it was in the 20th century, Christmas and railways are still commonly thought about together. Steam trains in the snow can be found on Christmas cards and since 1996 Hallmark have produced an annual locomotive Christmas tree ornament with Lionel, with the 2024 ornament depicting a Union Pacific LEGACY SD70ACe Diesel Locomotive.